从高考中的“—ever”用法谈起_英语论文

    请看NMET关于“—ever”用法的几道单项选择题：
    ①If we work with a strong will, we can overcome anydifficulty,______ great it is.
    （’95NMET）
    A.what B.how C.however D.whatever
    答案：C。“however”，adv.意为“无论如何”、“不管怎样”。
    ②It is generally considered unwise to give a child_____he or she wants.
    （’97NMET）
    A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
    答案：B。“whatever”，pron.“无论什么”、“任何东西”之意。
    ③_______, Mother will wait for him to have dinnertogether. （’97NMET）
    A.However late is he B.However he is late
    C.However is he late D.However late he is
    答案：D。“however”，adv.表示“无论如何”、“不管怎样”。
    根据上述所出现关于“—ever”的构词形式，我们把学过的这些词归为两大类。
    第一类：“however，whenever，wherever”，作连词或者副词。
    第二类：“whatever，whichever，whoever”，作代词或者形容词。
    下面具体地谈一谈它们各自的用法。
    （一）“however”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“不管用什么方法”。
    例如：He can go however he likes.
    2.作副词，“无论如何”、“不管怎样”
    例如：①However cold it is,he always goe ming.
    ②I'll come however busy I am
    3.作副词，“究竟怎么”（表示惊奇）。
    例如：However did you find it?
    4.作副词，“不过”、“仍然”、“然而”
    例如：He hasn't arrived.He may however later.
    （二）“whenever”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“任何时候”。例如
    ①Whenever we see him we speak to him.
    ②Come whenever you like.
    2.作连词，“每当”、“每逢”“每次”
    例如：Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a li e .
    3.作副词，“任何时间”“任何时候”
    例如：①He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, andexpect to be given a meal.
    ②Whether they arrive tonight ,tomorrow , or whenever, they'll bewelcome.
    4.作副词，“到底什么时候”。
    例如：Whenever will he learn ?
    （三）“wherever”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情况下”。
    例如：Sit wherever you like
    2.作副词，“在任何地方”。
    例如：He comes from Boula, wherever that may be , from a　place called Boula,and I have no
    idea where it is.
    3.作副词，“到底什么地方”。
    例如：Wherever did she get that hat.
    （四）“whatever”作代词或形容词。
    1.“whatever”作代词，／no matter what ／“无论什么”、“无论如何”。
    例如：
    ①Keep calm,whatever happens
    ②Whatever (No matter what) you may say, I will go.
    2.“whatever”作代词，／anything or everything that／“任何的事物”、“每一……的事物”。

    例如①Do whatever you like.
    ②Whatever I have is at your service.
    3.作代词“or whatever”“或任何东西”、“诸如此类”
    例如：He'd have difficulty in learning any language ——Greek, Chinese,or whatever.
    4.作代词，“到底（究竟）什么”。
    例如 Whatever can he mean by that？
    5.作形容词，“任何的”、“无论什么的”、“任何种类、程度等的”。
    例如Take whatever measures you consider best.
    6.作形容词，在否定句中，置于名词之后，强调否定语气
    例如①There can be no doubt whatever about it.
    ②I have no intention whatever of resigning.
    （五）“Whichever” 作代词或形容词
    1.“Whichever” 作代词，／anything or everything “无论哪些”、 “无论哪个”。
    例如 ①Whichever (Anything that) you want is yours.
    ②Take two of the four elective subjects, whichever you prefer.
    2.作代词,“……的那一个”。
    例如①Take whichever you like best.
    ②Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
    3.作代词，“究竟哪个（哪些）”。
    例如 Whichever do you mean?
    4. 作形容词，“无论哪个”、“无论哪些”。
    例如：He may choose whichever desk he wishes.
    （六）“whoever”作代词：
    “whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。
    例如①Whoever(Anyone who)said it,it's not so.
    ②Whoever says that is wrong.
    2.作代词，“到底（究竟）是谁”。
    例如 Whoever told you that?